First things first. The biggest strength of SQL Server is that there is a vibrant and open community that makes it very easy to learn. I’ve found the following resources to be the most help.
Twitter – The first and best place to get started is on Twitter, using the #sqlhelp tag
Blogs – There are dozens of bloggers for SQL Server, covering topics as diverse as Powershell, SSIS, high availability and query tuning.
Books – There are also dozens of books covering SQL Server. I have 9 favorites.
Trainings – Live training and community events are great, because you meet dozens or hundreds of people in the same place you are. Many of them have seen, and dealt with, the same challenges you have. Some are great teachers. Others are great students. Overall, though, you become far a far more effective data professional by being involved.
Reference Websites – There are a few reference websites that contain huge amounts of information. Reading them is almost impossible, so I find them useful as references.